السلام عليكم
السؤال الاول :-
هذة الفقرة موجودة في oracle university program unit book page
وأريد ايضاحها لي
to be able to refer and axxess objects from a different schema in a subprogram , you must be granted access to the referd objects explicity , not through a role

ماذا تعني جملة ( not through a role ) هنا . ؟ أرجو الشرح
=================================================
السؤال الثاني :-

أريد توضيح معنا هذة العبارة و بالاخص
1-security domain
2- definers`-rights

by defalut the pl/sql subprogram executes under the security domain of the owner . this is referred to as definers`-rights .because scott has direct privilage to employee and has created a procedure called query_emp , green can retrive information from the employees table by using the query_emp procedure.

For the first question

OT THROUGHT A RULE MEANS

Do not use a rule for granting any privileges
A Rule means that 1 or more priviliges grouped together into the rule
That is, when you grant rules ,this mean,you are granting the grouped priviliged under that rule

FOR MORE INFORMATION: review Control User Acces in the Introduction to Oracle 9i: SQL Book which is the 13th section