تثبيت أوراكل 11g على ريدهات لينكس 4 و 5

بتاريخ: 15 أغسطس 200718 سنة

Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1) Installation On Enterprise Linux 4.5 and 5.0

This article describes the installation of Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1) on Enterprise Linux 4.5 and 5.0, but these instructions work perfectly for the original Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 and 5 distributions, or any other clones such as CentOS 4 and 5. The article is based on a server installation with a minimum of 2G swap, secure Linux disabled. Oracle recommend a default server installation, but for these installations the following package groups installed:

Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5:

* X Window System
* GNOME Desktop Environment
* Editors
* Graphical Internet
* Server Configuration Tools
* Development Tools
* Administration Tools
* System Tools

Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0:

* GNOME Desktop Environment
* Editors
* Graphical Internet
* Text-based Internet
* Development Libraries
* Development Tools
* Server Configuration Tools
* Administration Tools
* Base
* System Tools
* X Window System

An example of these types of Linux installations can be seen in the following locations:

* OEL 4.5
* OEL 5

Alternative installations may require more packages to be loaded, in addition to the ones listed below.

* Download Software
* Unpack Files
* Hosts File
* Set Kernel Parameters
* Setup
* Installation
* Post Installation

Download Software
Download the following software:

* Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1) Software

Unpack Files
Unzip the files:

	unzip linux_11gR1_database.zip

You should now have a single directory called "database" containing installation files.
Hosts File
The /etc/hosts file must contain a fully qualified name for the server:

	<IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>

Set Kernel Parameters
Oracle recommend the following minimum parameter settings:

	kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 # Smallest of -> (Half the size of the physical memory) or (4GB - 1 byte)
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536 # 512 * PROCESSES
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=4194304
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144

The current values can be tested using the following command:

	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep <param-name>

For Enterprise Linux 4.5, the following lines should be appended to the "/etc/sysctl.conf"

file.

kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 # Smallest of -> (Half the size of the physical memory) or (4GB - 1 byte)
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=4194304
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144

For Enterprise Linux 5.0, the following lines should be appended to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file.

	kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=4194304
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144

Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters:

	/sbin/sysctl -p

Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

	oracle			  soft	nproc   2047
oracle			  hard	nproc   16384
oracle			  soft	nofile  1024
oracle			  hard	nofile  65536

Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

Disable secure linux by editing the /etc/selinux/config file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows:

	SELINUX=disabled

Alternatively, this alteration can be done using the GUI tool (Applications > System Settings > Security Level). Click on the SELinux tab and disable the feature.
Setup
Install the following packages for Enterprise Linux 4.5:

	# From Enterprise Linux 4 Disk 1
cd /media/cdrom/Enterprise/RPMS
rpm -Uvh binutils-2.*
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0.*
rpm -Uvh glibc-2.*
rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2.*
rpm -Uvh libgcc-3.*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-3.*
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*
rpm -Uvh make-3.*
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2.*
cd /
eject

# From Enterprise Linux 4 Disk 2

	cd /media/cdrom/Enterprise/RPMS
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.*
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.*
rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-3.*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-3.*
cd /
eject

# From Enterprise Linux 4 Disk 3

   cd /media/cdrom/Enterprise/RPMS
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.*
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0.*
rpm -Uvh sysstat-5.*
cd /
eject

# From Enterprise Linux 4 Disk 4

	cd /media/cdrom/Enterprise/RPMS
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.*
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2.*
cd /
eject

Install the following packages for Enterprise Linux 5.0:

# From Enterprise Linux 5 Disk 1

   cd /media/cdrom/Server
rpm -Uvh binutils-2.*
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0.*
rpm -Uvh glibc-2.*
rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2.*
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.*
rpm -Uvh libgcc-4.*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4.*
rpm -Uvh make-3.*
cd /
eject

# From Enterprise Linux 5 Disk 2

	cd /media/cdrom/Server
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.*
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.*
rpm -Uvh gcc-4.*
rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4.*
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0.*
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4.*
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2.*
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2.*
cd /
eject

# From Enterprise Linux 5 Disk 3

	cd /media/cdrom/Server
rpm -Uvh sysstat-7.*
cd /
eject

Create the new groups and users:

	groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
groupadd asmadmin

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin oracle
passwd oracle

Note. We are not going to use th "asmadmin" group, since this installation will not use ASM.

Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed:

	mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

Login as root and issue the following command:

	xhost +<machine-name>

Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the .bash_profile file:

	# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oel45.localdomain
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=DB11G; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

	if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
	ulimit -p 16384
	ulimit -n 65536
  else
	ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
fi

Installation
Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable:

	DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the database directory:

	./runInstaller

During the installation enter the appropriate ORACLE_HOME and name then continue installation. For a more detailed look at the installation process, click on the links below to see screen shots of each stage.

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